Medical Questions » Contraception Questions » Question No. 234
Question:I have heard that there is now an injection that you can have every few months instead of the pill that will stop you falling pregnant. Can you tell me about this please? Is it effective and safe?
Answer:Depo-Provera is an injectable contraceptive that has been used for 30 years overseas (including New Zealand and England), and was approved for use in Australia several years ago. It contains a hormone called medroxyprogesterone acetate, which is similar to the natural progesterone produced in the ovaries. It is given by injection every three months and prevents pregnancy in two ways: • It prevents the release of the egg from the ovary (ovulation) • It affects the lining of the womb (uterus) and the type of mucus at the neck of the womb (cervix) to reduce fertility. Depo-Provera is more than 99% effective in preventing pregnancy, which is comparable to a vasectomy or tubal ligation, and slightly more effective than the contraceptive pill (which can be forgotten at a vital time). The first injection is given at a time when it is certain that the woman is not pregnant. This is usually during or immediately after a period, or soon after childbirth. The first injection will be fully effective after two weeks, and will last at least three months from the date of injection. Provided they are given regularly every three months, subsequent injections are fully effective immediately. As with all medications there may be side effects. Many women find that their usual cycle of menstrual periods is altered by Depo-Provera, and periods often stop altogether. Other possibilities include having irregular light periods, or occasionally, constant light bleeding. Heavy bleeding rarely occurs. Less common side effects include headaches and a prolonged delay in fertility. Rarer side effects include weight gain (usually under 2.5 kg), anxiety, acne and breast tenderness. Additional medication can be given to counteract these side effects while the injection wears off, but if any significant side effects occur, the injection is not repeated and another form of contraception must be used. Depo-Provera may be used safely during breast feeding without affecting the baby or the mother' s milk supply. Women should be aware that the ability to fall pregnant may be delayed after using Depo-Provera by up to six months after the last injection was given. Occasionally this extends to 15 months, and very rarely up to two years.
       
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